Yes, it’s true…if the news reports are correct. His Excellency Saparmurat Niyazov Turkmenbashi, President of Turkmenistan and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (yes, that’s his official title), arguably one of the world’s most eccentric dictators, is dead at the age of 66. I’m still expecting him to randomly cut into an oh-so-exciting Turkmen TV show and announce that, hey, just kidding, he’s alive, so forgive my initial skepticism.
I will admit to having a strange fascination with Turkmenistan thanks to the bizarreness of Niyazov. The guy essentially turned Turkmenistan into his own personal theme park, with revolving gold statues and everything! Crystal and I were trying to arrange a trip to Turkmenistan during our spring break at LSE in 2005 (Dude, spring break in Turkmenistan, hell yeah!) but then we found out it would require flying to Baku and jumping on a random freighter full of sketchy Azeri sailors for the trip across the Caspian. Don’t get me wrong, it sounds like something the two of us would totally be up for, but it wasn’t something we could plan in under a week. Also, it would give my mom a heart attack. (“You’re WHERE? You got there HOW? You mean a cruise ship, riiight…A FREIGHTER?!”)
I still want to visit Turkmenistan, but it looks like it will occur under the reign of a less eccentric, slightly more boring dictator yet-to-be-named. Still, I’m sure the cult of personality surrounding Niyazov will grow ridiculously larger, and I will perhaps have the chance to see his stuffed corpse on display, a la Lenin in Red Square. I, for one, cannot wait.
With Niyazov’s sudden departure from office, let’s take a look at some of his finer accomplishments for the citizens of Turkmenistan, with a little help from Wikipedia:
He liked to name everything after himself!
He renamed the town of Krasnovodsk, on the Caspian Sea, Turkmenbashi after himself, in addition to renaming several schools, airports and even a meteorite after himself and his immediate family.
He put his face on everything and awards medals…to himself!
Niyazov’s face appears on Manat banknotes and large portraits of the president hang all over the country, especially on major public buildings and avenues. Statues of himself and his mother are scattered all over Turkmenistan, including one in the middle of the Karakum Desert as well as a gold-plated statue atop Aşgabat’s largest building, the Neutrality Arch, that rotates so it will always face into the sun and shine light onto the capital city. Niyazov commissioned a massive palace in Aşgabat commemorating his rule. He was given the hero of Turkmenistan award five times. “I’m personally against seeing my pictures and statues in the streets – but it’s what the people want,” Niyazov said.
He was a literary genius but he HATED libraries!

An enormous mechanical replica of the book is located in the capital; every night at 8:00PM it opens and passages are recited with accompanying video.
The education system indoctrinated young Turkmen to love Niyazov, with his works and speeches making up most of their textbooks’ content. The primary text was a national epic written by Niyazov, the Ruhnama or Book of the Soul. This book, a mixture of revisionist history and moral guidelines, was intended as the “spiritual guidance of the nation” and the basis of the nation’s arts and literature. With Soviet-era textbooks banned without being replaced by new publications, libraries are left with little more than Niyazov’s works. In 2004, the dictator ordered the closure of all rural libraries on the grounds that he thought that village Turkmen do not read.
He liked to issue bizarre decrees!
- In April 2004, urged young people not to get gold tooth caps or gold teeth, suggesting instead that they chew on bones to preserve their teeth
- In February 2005, ordered the closure of all hospitals outside Aşgabat, saying that if people were ill, they could come to the capital; also ordering the closure of all rural libraries of Turkmenistan, saying that ordinary Turkmen do not read books anyway.
- In December 2005, banned video games, stating that they were too violent for young Turkmen to play
- The Tapei Times reported that the Turkmen leader changed the Turkmen word for bread, and name of the month of April, to that of his late mother.
What a guy!
Oh yeah, I should probably mention that Turkmenistan has a lot of natural gas…like, 2.9 trillion + cubic meters worth just sitting around waiting to be tapped by some Western multinational. While Russia has the largest natural gas reserves in the world, Gazprom depends on Turkmen gas to meet its export commitments to Western European customers and satisfy its own domestic consumption. Gazprom was getting a pretty sweet deal on Turkmen gas, buying it for $65 per thousand cubic meters and shipping it to Western Europe where they sold it for $230/tcm. Niyazov was like, “Whoa, I’m getting kinda ripped off here…think of all the gold statues I could by if I jacked up the price of gas.” So that’s what Turkmenistan did…basically told Gazprom that they wanted $100/tcm. Gazprom finally agreed, although they were none too happy about it because in their view, Turkmenistan was getting all uppity and with a Russian monopoly on the area’s pipelines, where else would they ship it?
Niyazov’s death has opened up a new chapter in the fight for Central Asia’s hydrocarbon reserves (the so-called “New Great Game”). If the U.S. AND EUROPE are on top of their game, they should make their moves ASAP and convince the Turkmens that the construction of a trans-Caspian pipeline to feed into the recently completed Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum pipeline is in their best interests, both politically and economically. Of course, this would require diplomacy and cooperation, and hell, maybe some economic aid and concessions…but that might be a small price to pay if it means Alexei Miller won’t be running Turkmenistan.